ArticleScientific reports2025
Associations between public health measures and mortality among hospitalised COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study in Malaysia.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Identifying risk and protective factors associated with COVID-19 mortality among hospitalised patients is essential for improving clinical outcomes and guiding public health interventions. This study examined demographic, clinical, and public health factors associated with in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients in Malaysia. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of epidemiological and clinical data from 1,795 confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to a designated hospital in Negeri Sembilan between January and December 2021. Variables included age, sex, comorbidities, clinical symptoms, vaccination status, screening method (e.g., close contact, symptomatic, pre-procedure), and RT-PCR cycle threshold (CT) values. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with mortality. A total of 224 patients (12.5%) died during hospitalisation. Mortality was significantly associated with age ≥ 71 years (aOR 14.02, 95% CI: 5.98-32.83), male sex (aOR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.11-2.07), and comorbidities including stroke (aOR 4.3, 95% CI: 1.3-14.06), chronic kidney disease (aOR 4.23, 95% CI: 1.99-9), and cancer (aOR 3.3, 95% CI: 1.1-10). Protective factors included complete COVID-19 vaccination (aOR 0.31, 95% CI: 0.11-0.98), close contact screening (aOR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.3-0.67), and symptomatic screening (aOR 0.59, 95% CI: 0.37-0.94). Complete vaccination and early case detection through close contact and symptomatic screening were associated with reduced mortality among hospitalised COVID-19 patients. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening vaccination programmes and early detection strategies to inform future pandemic preparedness and optimise hospital resource allocation.
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