ArticleScientific reports2025
Counterspeech encouraging users to adopt the perspective of minority groups reduces hate speech and its amplification on social media.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Tolerance for democratic norm violations increases when sincerity replaces accuracy as a marker of honesty.Communications psychology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
19 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Online intergroup hostility is a pervasive and troubling issue, yet experimental evidence on how to curb it remains scarce. This study examines counterspeech as a user-driven strategy to reduce hate speech. Drawing on theories that suggest adopting the perspective of minority groups can reduce prejudice, we randomized four counterspeech strategies across the senders of 2102 xenophobic Twitter messages. Compared to a passive control group, we find that the pooled effect of the three perspective-centered strategies-traditional perspective-taking, analogical perspective-taking, and perspective getting-increased the likelihood that the sender deleted their xenophobic message by +0.14 SD ([Formula: see text]), decreased the number of likes the xenophobic message received by others (- 0.133 SD, [Formula: see text]), but yielded a limited and not statistically significant estimate for the share of xenophobic messages the sender posted over the following four weeks (- 0.084 SD, [Formula: see text]). Differences between the three perspective-centered strategies were generally small and not statistically significant, though analogical perspective-taking-encouraging senders to compare their own experiences of being attacked online with their discriminatory behavior toward outgroups-appears to have slightly larger effects across multiple outcomes. Disapproval messages without a perspective shift produced smaller and non-significant estimates. These findings advance our theoretical understanding of how counterspeech works and provide actionable insights for how users can contribute to reducing intergroup hostility and its amplification online-especially at a time when many platforms are scaling back content moderation.
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