Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40592995›Full record

Observational studyScientific reports2025

Severity and factors associated with pain in patients on mechanical ventilators in Amhara region, North-West Ethiopia: a multi-center prospective observational study.

Temesgen Birlie Asmare, Negesse Zurbachew Gobezie, Habtie Bantider Wubet, Getachew Mekete Diress, Abere Gebru Abuhay, Amanu Addis Melesew, Walelign Asime Afework, Daniel Getaneh Damtie, Molla Amsalu Tadesse, Asnake Tadesse Abate and 4 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyObservational Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Observational study in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Temesgen Birlie AsmareDepartment of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia. birlietemu@gmail.com.
Negesse Zurbachew GobezieDepartment of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Habtie Bantider WubetDepartment of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Getachew Mekete DiressDepartment of Anesthesia, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Abere Gebru AbuhayDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Amanu Addis MelesewDepartment of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Walelign Asime AfeworkDepartment of Adult Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Daniel Getaneh DamtieDepartment of Anesthesia, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Molla Amsalu TadesseDepartment of Anesthesia, Asrat Woldeyes Health Science Campus, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
Asnake Tadesse AbateDepartment of Neonatal Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Agernesh Dereje MiskerDepartment of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Tsehayu Melak SiyoumDepartment of Neonatal Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Begizew Yimenu MekuriawDepartment of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Gezahagn Demsu GedefawDepartment of Neonatal Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Specialized Hospital, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pain in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) who are on mechanical ventilators has a range of consequences that impact both their physical and mental recovery. Therefore, this study aims to assess the severity of pain at rest and the factors associated with it among patients on mechanical ventilators in the intensive care units. A multi-center prospective observational study was conducted among patients on mechanical ventilators in the intensive care unit of comprehensive specialized hospitals in the Amhara Region of North-West Ethiopia, from October 10, 2024, to January 15, 2025. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Pain status was assessed every four hours on the first day of ICU admission using the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS). Consecutive sampling was employed to select participants. Data were entered into EPI-data version 4.6 and transferred to Stata version 17 for analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with pain. This study was conducted among 234 patients. We found the severity of pain as follows: 60 patients (25.64%) experienced no pain, 118 patients (50.43%) experienced mild pain, and 56 patients (23.93%) experienced unacceptable (significant) pain. Additionally, in this study, being female (AOR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.42-4.22), surgical cause of admission (AOR = 2.27, 95% CI 1.31-3.93)), anxiety (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI 2.03-7.04), and Combination of analgesia (opioid and non-opioid) (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI 0.21-0.65) had a significant association with pain. This study revealed that a significant proportion of patients (23.93%) experienced unacceptable levels of pain. Factors significantly associated with increased pain severity included being female, having a surgical cause for admission, and experiencing anxiety. Conversely, the use of a combination of opioid and non-opioid analgesics was significantly linked to reduced pain severity. These findings underscore the importance of recognizing demographic, clinical, and psychological factors in pain assessment. Based on the findings, it is recommended to prioritize routine pain assessments, especially for female and surgical patients. Additionally, anxiety screening and management should be integrated into patient care, and the use of combined opioid and non-opioid analgesics should be encouraged to effectively reduce pain severity.

Indexed as

PainRespiration, ArtificialVentilators, MechanicalAdultAgedEthiopiaFemaleHumansIntensive Care UnitsMaleMiddle AgedPain ManagementPain MeasurementProspective StudiesSeverity of Illness IndexCritically illIntensive care unitMechanical ventilatorPain

Identifiers

PMID40592995
PMCPMC12217165

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.