ArticleScientific reports2025
Development and validation of academic involution scale for college students.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Academic involution behavior, perceived academic involution climate, and English learning intention among college students: the indirect role of psychological distress.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- From constraints to innovations: a student agency typology and its implications for pedagogical change.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The influence mechanism of academic involution behavior among Chinese college students: a moderated mediation analysis based on the JD-R model.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Development and validation of the quiet quitting behavior scale: a mixed-methods study with primary healthcare workers in China.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- How does emotional exhaustion among Chinese college students affect mental health? A mixed-methods study in Zhejiang, China.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
To develop a scale for assessing the involution among Chinese college students, and to test its reliability and validity within the context of higher education. The scale was developed based on in-depth interviews and existing competition scales. dataset 1 (n = 220) was utilized for exploratory factor analysis, and dataset 2 (n = 500) was employed for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity and discriminant validity test, reliability test, criterion validity test, and difference analysis on demographics. The final scale comprises 26 items across six factors: excessive comparison (EC), futile effort (FE), hyper-competition (HC), negative moods (NM), academic opportunism (AO), and vicious competition (VC). The six factor model showed satisfactory model fit in CFA: χ
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