Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40591938›Full record

ReviewJournal of medicinal chemistry2025

Pseudonatural Products for Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery.

Luca C Greiner, Axel Pahl, A Lina Heinzke, Barbara Zdrazil, Andrew R Leach, Robert J Young, Paul D Leeson, Herbert Waldmann

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Mapping Evolution of Molecules across Biochemistry with Assembly Theory.Journal of chemical information and modeling · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Recent Advances inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Luca C GreinerMax-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
Axel PahlMax-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany.
A Lina HeinzkeEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, Cambridgeshire, U.K.ORCID 0000-0002-8303-4243
Barbara ZdrazilEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, Cambridgeshire, U.K.ORCID 0000-0001-9395-1515
Andrew R LeachEuropean Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, Cambridgeshire, U.K.
Robert J YoungBlue Burgundy Ltd., Bedfordshire, Ampthill MK45 2AD, U.K.
Paul D LeesonPaul Leeson Consulting Ltd., Nuneaton, Warwickshire CV13 6LZ, U.K.ORCID 0000-0003-0212-3437
Herbert WaldmannMax-Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Department of Chemical Biology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, Dortmund 44227, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9606-7247

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural product (NP) structures have provided invaluable inspiration for the discovery of bioactive compound discovery. In the pseudonatural product (PNP) concept unprecedented combinations of NP fragments combine the biological relevance of NPs with exploration of wider chemical space by fragment-based design. We describe the principles underlying the PNP design and discovery of selected PNPs with unexpected or novel bioactivity. Cheminformatic analyses of ChEMBL 32, the Enamine screening library, phase 1-3 clinical compounds, and approved drugs reveal that ca. 1/3 of historically developed biologically active compounds and of currently commercially available screening compounds are PNPs, and that PNPs are increasing over time. PNPs are 54% more likely to be found in clinical compounds versus nonclinical compounds, and 67% of recent clinical compounds are PNPs. 63% of the core scaffolds in recent clinical compounds are made up of just 176 NP fragments, which suggests that PNPs open up a multitude of unexploited opportunities for drug discovery.

Indexed as

Biological ProductsDrug DiscoveryDrug DesignHumansBiological Products

Identifiers

PMID40591938
PMCPMC12305498

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.