ArticleDrug and alcohol review2025
Drugs and Drowning: The Toxicology of Adult Drownings in Baths and Hot Tubs in Australia, 2015-2024.
Article in Drug and alcohol review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Drugs and Drowning: The Toxicology of Adult Drownings in Baths and Hot Tubs in Australia, 2015-2024.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDrowning is the third leading cause of unintentional injury death. We aimed to determine the toxicology and circumstances of all adult drowning deaths that occurred in bath/hot tubs in Australia over the period 2015-2024.
methodsRetrospective study of all adult (≥ 15 years) drowning deaths in baths or hot tubs in Australia (1 January 2015-1 November 2024) retrieved from the National Coronial Information System (n = 195). In all cases the formal finding was based upon police, toxicology and forensic pathology reports.
resultsThere were 195 adult drownings in baths or hot tubs. The mean age was 54.9 years (range 15-98) and 127 (65.1%) were female. Most fatal (171, 87.7%) incidents occurred in a bath. In 113 (57.9%) cases proximal substance use was noted in the coronial conclusions as contributory. The majority (108, 55.4%) were unintentional, with 73 (37.4%) deemed intentional. A psychotropic drug was detected in the blood of 152/179 (84.9%), most commonly hypnosedatives (77/179, 43.0%) and alcohol (75/179, 41.9%). Amongst alcohol positive cases the mean blood alcohol concentration was 0.176 g/100 mL (range 0.010-0.537). In 33 (16.9%) there appeared to have been a medical episode, such as a seizure or a cardiovascular event, that preceded drowning, and a slip or fall in 17 (8.7%). DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsSubstances were present in the majority of cases. The risk of drowning in such settings in the presence of drugs needs to be widely appreciated. Public campaigns that focus on the potential dangers of substance use in these settings would appear prudent.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.