Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40591142›Full record

ArticleBiochemical genetics2026

Silencing THBS1 in M2 Macrophages Exerts an Inhibitory Effect on Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Suppressing TGF-β Pathway.

Jia-Yu Liu, Yi-Yang Chen, Zhi-Yuan Lu, Li-Li Chen

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Article in Biochemical genetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Thbs1Journal of advanced research · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Jia-Yu Liu *Department of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China.
Yi-Yang Chen *Oral Medical Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong Province, China.
Zhi-Yuan LuOral Medical Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, No. 9, Jinsui Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510623, Guangdong Province, China.
Li-Li ChenDepartment of Periodontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 88, Jiefang Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang Province, China. b1918035@zju.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is a common oral and maxillofacial malignancy. Thrombospondin-1 (THBS1), acting in the extracellular matrix, impacts cell migration and proliferation, significantly contributing to tumor development. We aim to investigate the role of THBS1 in TSCC. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by sequencing using macrophages obtained from TSCC patients. Hub genes were identified from protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. Proliferation, migration, and invasion were assessed to determine the role of THBS1 in TSCC cells. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were utilized to explore the effect of THBS1 on xenograft models. Western blot was used to determine protein expression related to M2 macrophages, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and key pathways. MMP2, THBS1, EDN1, and PERP were hub genes of TSCC, which were upregulated in M2 macrophages. Silencing THBS1 suppressed the polarization of M2 macrophages, proliferation, migration, and invasion of TSCC cells. THBS1 silencing in M2 macrophages suppressed tumor growth in mice. THBS1 silencing in M2 macrophages inhibited angiogenesis and EMT in TSCC. TGF-β pathway was a potential downstream pathway by comprehensive bioinformatics analysis. Silencing THBS1 decreased the expression of TGF-β pathway proteins in TSCC. The activation of the TGF-β pathway induced by SRI-011381 counteracted the inhibitory impacts of THBS1 silencing on M2 macrophage polarization, proliferation, migration, and invasion of TSCC cells. THBS1 silencing inhibits the polarization of M2 macrophages to hinder TSCC progression via suppressing the TGF-β pathway.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Squamous CellGene SilencingMacrophagesThrombospondin 1Tongue NeoplasmsTransforming Growth Factor betaAnimalsCell Line, TumorCell MovementCell ProliferationEpithelial-Mesenchymal TransitionGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticHumansMaleMiceSignal TransductionThrombospondin 1thrombospondin-1, humanTransforming Growth Factor betaThrombine-sensitive protein 1Tongue squamous cell carcinomaTransforming growth factor-βTumor-associated macrophages

Identifiers

PMID40591142

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.