SynthesisClinical psychology & psychotherapy
The Self and Its Intersubjective Synchrony in Psychotherapy: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Clinical psychology & psychotherapy. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Self and Its Intersubjective Synchrony in Psychotherapy: A Systematic Review.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyPooled it
- Movement-Anchored Emotional Memory: An Embodied Neuropsychological Framework.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Movement synchrony and familiarity in dyadic and four-person conversations.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Editorial: The interaction between self and other in the clinical setting: the role of inter-subjectivity, volume I.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Attachment Trauma and its Psychopathological Domains Through the Neuropsychodynamic Model of Self and Trauma.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2025Article
- Minding the moving self: the centrality of body movement in the neurodynamics of the self and psychotherapeutic implications.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Disturbances in Self-Organization and Dissociation in the Therapeutic Field: Affective Responses and Relational Disconnection.Clinical psychology & psychotherapyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The self is pivotal in psychotherapy, integrating internal (interoexteroceptive) and external (exteroproprioceptive) layers of experience necessary to create an intersubjective space in psychotherapeutic relationship to foster self-reorganization. Patient-therapist intersubjective experience of synchrony seems to be core in better alliance and connectedness, favouring therapeutic progresses. However, the biobehavioural aspects of intersubjective synchrony are often disconnected from the self, leaving gaps in understanding its role in shaping therapy processes and outcomes. Following PRISMA guidelines, 32 studies measuring intersubjective synchrony during psychotherapy sessions were identified, covering interoexteroceptive (n = 11), exteroproprioceptive (n = 18) and interbrain (n = 4) synchrony. Exteroproprioceptive synchrony, particularly nonverbal, was primarily associated with the therapeutic alliance: This was further supported by interbrain studies, whereas interoexteroceptive synchrony was mainly linked to moment-to-moment emotional experience. On the other hand, we found mixed findings on the associations of exteroproprioceptive synchrony with overall therapy outcomes, whereas interoexteroceptive synchrony seemed to be positively associated with session-level outcomes. Moreover, pre-session intra-subjective traits (e.g., patients' well-being and psychopathology, therapists' attachment and expertise) influenced intersubjective synchrony patterns. Finally, we found that degrees of synchrony varied across patients suggesting different experiences of optimal psychotherapeutic relationship. Findings highlighted the layered dynamics of synchrony in psychotherapy. Achieving effective therapeutic engagement involves balancing context-sensitive synchrony at different layers through intersubjective interaction for a self-reorganization of the patients' dynamics. Future research should further explore how distinct layers and dynamics interact both at intrasubjective and intersubjective levels. A spatiotemporally informed emphasis on self-related dynamics can illuminate common therapeutic factors and clarify their role in short- and long-term outcomes. SUMMARY: The self is a dynamic, multilayered system that underlies coregulation processes within the therapeutic relationship. In this context, intersubjective synchrony reflects the encounter of self-dynamics between patient and therapist, fostering alliance and emotional resonance. Physiological synchrony (interoexteroceptive) supports moment-to-moment affective attunement, whereas behavioural synchrony (exteroproprioceptive) sustains long-term relational engagement. Therapist-led nonverbal synchrony is particularly associated with stronger therapeutic alliance and better outcomes. Presession intrapsychic traits-such as patient well-being or therapist expertise and attachment-modulate synchrony patterns and therapeutic responsiveness. Intersubjective synchrony offers a promising marker for precision psychotherapy, guiding self-reorganization through tailored relational dynamics.
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