ArticleAddiction (Abingdon, England)2025
Offering e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction in people with mental illness (ESCAPE): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Offering e-cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction in people with mental illness (ESCAPE): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsDespite a steady decline in smoking rates across the United Kingdom (UK) over the past decades, substantial tobacco-related inequalities persist, particularly among individuals with mental illness. Smoking prevalence in this group has remained largely unchanged, highlighting a major public health concern. This protocol outlines a trial aimed at addressing this issue by evaluating the effectiveness of offering an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) starter kit for smoking cessation and harm reduction as an adjunct to usual care to adults who smoke with mental illness treated in the community.
designTwo-arm parallel randomized controlled superiority trial.
settingA minimum of eleven UK National Health Service mental health Trusts or general practices.
participantsAdults who smoke with a diagnosis of mental illness treated in the community. INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Participants will be randomly allocated (1 : 1) to receive: (i) an e-cigarette starter kit, a brief demonstration and both verbal and written information on e-cigarette use as an adjunct to usual care; or (ii) usual care alone. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome is 7-day point prevalence carbon monoxide-validated abstinence, assessed six months after study enrolment or target quit date. Secondary outcomes include: 6-month continuous abstinence defined by Russell Standard, self-reported smoking abstinence at 1 month, ≥50% smoking reduction (cigarettes/day) at 1 and 6 months, mental health symptoms and general mood and physical symptoms at 1 and 6 months, cost-effectiveness of the intervention and adherence to and satisfaction with the intervention. COMMENTS: This will be the first large-scale study in the UK to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of providing an e-cigarette starter kit for smoking cessation and harm reduction in people with mental illness. Results will inform policy and practice related to supporting smoking cessation for this population.
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Registered trials
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