Trial reportSpine2025
ECAP-Controlled Closed-Loop Spinal Cord Stimulation for Chronic Nonsurgical Refractory Back Pain: Subgroup Analysis From Two Prospective Multicenter Clinical Trials.
Trial report in Spine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Decoding Overlapping Lower-Limb Afferent Pathways from Human Epidural Spinal Recordings.Research square · 2026Article
- A case series of two patients using closed-loop spinal cord stimulation: demonstration of the impact of real-time adjustments.Journal of surgical case reports · 2026Article
- Spooky action at a distance: neuromodulation, physiologic distress signals, and limb preservation.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
designSubgroup analysis of patients with chronic nonsurgical refractory back pain (NSRBP) from two prospective multicenter clinical trials to 12-month follow-up.
objectiveTo evaluate pain-related and holistic response, safety events as well as neurophysiological metrics associated with the use of evoked compound action potential (ECAP)-controlled closed-loop spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for patients with chronic back pain without prior surgery. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Innovations in SCS such as the development of physiological ECAP-controlled closed-loop SCS overcome limitations of traditional, fixed-output SCS for the treatment of NSRBP. The outcomes of closed-loop SCS to 12-month follow-up for patients with NSRBP have not been previously reported. MATERIALS AND
methodsPatient-reported outcome measures for pain intensity, physical function, health-related quality of life, sleep quality, and emotional function were collected from 68 patients with NSRBP in two prospective multicenter clinical trials. Change in opioid use, its reduction or elimination were assessed at 12-month follow-up. A validated composite outcome measure comprising the different health domains was used to evaluate holistic treatment response through minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs). Objective device metrics provide information on system utilization, loop performance (dose accuracy), and neurophysiological dose metrics.
resultsAt 12 months, 79% of patients reported ≥50% reduction in pain intensity and 48% obtained ≥80% pain relief. Significant improvements in all patient-reported outcome measures assessed were observed at 3 and 12 months. Voluntary reduction or elimination of opioid use was observed in approximately half of the patients that were taking opioids at baseline. System utilization was >80%, dose ratio was >1.3 ( i.e. 30% above ECAP threshold) with a high-dose accuracy keeping the elicited ECAP within 3.5 μV of the target ECAP set on the system.
conclusionECAP-controlled closed-loop SCS represents a safe and effective treatment option for patients with NSRBP.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.