Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40589806›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in public health2025

Histological and inflammatory effects of 26.5 GHz quasi-millimeter wave exposure on rat skin.

Etsuko Ijima, Akiko Nagai, Kun Li, Takashi Hikage, Naomi Kamizawa, Emi Hidaka, Yukina Tsuruta, Tatsuya Ishitake, Hiroshi Masuda

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Etsuko Ijima *Department of Environmental Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
Akiko Nagai *Department of Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan.
Kun LiAdvanced Wireless and Communication Research Center (AWCC), The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Japan.
Takashi HikageFaculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
Naomi KamizawaDepartment of Environmental Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
Emi HidakaDepartment of Environmental Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
Yukina TsurutaDepartment of Environmental Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
Tatsuya IshitakeDepartment of Environmental Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.
Hiroshi MasudaDepartment of Environmental Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Information regarding the biological effects of localized exposure to quasi-millimeter waves (qMMW) is limited. Given that qMMW exposure can elevate skin temperature and potentially induce thermal injury, further investigation is required. In this study, we aimed to evaluate histological changes and the expression of inflammation-related markers in rat skin tissue locally exposed to 26.5 GHz qMMW, as well as investigate the threshold for inflammatory responses. Methods: The dorsal skin of rats was locally exposed to 26.5 GHz qMMW at absorbed power densities (APD) of 0, 250, 370, and 500 W/m Results: Histological analysis revealed burn-like tissue damage in the 500 W/m Discussion: Localized exposure of rat skin to qMMW induces burn-like tissue degeneration and triggers an inflammatory response. This effect may be thermally induced by qMMW irradiation, with the threshold estimated to range between 370 and 500 W/m

Indexed as

InflammationSkinAnimalsInterleukin-6MaleRatsTumor Necrosis Factor-alphaInterleukin-6Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha5Ginflammationlocalized exposurequasi-millimeter waveskin temperature

Identifiers

PMID40589806
PMCPMC12206703

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.