Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40589721›Full record

ArticleOrthopedic reviews2025

Revolutionizing Nonunion Treatment: The Expanding Role of Local Biological Therapies.

Elyssa Kiwan, Wendy Ghanem, Hady Ezzeddine, Antoine Saber, Joseph Najjar, Johnny Saadeh, Rita Saad, Fouad Assaf, Mohamad Badra, Ramzi Moucharafieh

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Orthopedic reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Elyssa KiwanDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology University of Balamand.
Wendy GhanemDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology University of Balamand.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5695-8748
Hady EzzeddineDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology University of Balamand.
Antoine SaberDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology University of Balamand.
Joseph NajjarDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology University of Balamand.
Johnny SaadehDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology University of Balamand.
Rita SaadDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology University of Balamand.
Fouad AssafDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology University of Balamand.
Mohamad BadraDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology University of Balamand.
Ramzi MoucharafiehDepartment of Orthopedics and Traumatology University of Balamand.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The diagnosis and treatment of long bone nonunion remains a historical challenge in the field of orthopedics. Bone nonunion management encompasses surgical and non-surgical options. This review discusses the potential use of untraditional methods in their treatment such as orthobiologics. The cornerstone of local biological therapies lies in their ability to directly stimulate the biological processes essential for bone repair. This precision targeting ensures that bone healing pathways are activated specifically where needed, enhancing both the rate and quality of union. It particularly addresses the use of biologic agents and the possibility of their combination with biomaterials to enhance their stability, delivery, and osteoconductive properties. The aim of this review is to obtain an updated point of view regarding the management of nonunion of the bone as well as expanding on the latest innovations aiming to create a shift from passive biologic supplementation to active regenerative engineering.

Indexed as

local therapiesNonunionorthobiologicstreatment

Identifiers

PMID40589721
PMCPMC12208726

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.