Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Children: Prevalence and Risk Factors From a Cross-Sectional Study in Dong Thap, Vietnam.

Background Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a common developmental enamel defect affecting the first permanent molars and incisors. It presents a range of clinical challenges, including hypersensitivity, enamel breakdown, and an increased risk of caries. In recent years, MIH has gained attention as a research topic, covering various aspects such as epidemiology, risk factors, impact on quality of life, and prevention and treatment guidelines. However, the epidemiology of MIH in Vietnam, particularly in the Southwest region, remains under-researched, with limited comprehensive studies. Objective This study aims to determine the prevalence of MIH and its associated risk factors in 7-10-year-old children in Dong Thap, Vietnam. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected through clinical examination using the diagnostic criteria proposed by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) in 2010, along with a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using Stata software (StataCorp LLC, USA, version 14.2). Results Among the 496 children examined, the prevalence of MIH was 22.2% (110 children). MIH status was not significantly associated with gender or age. Of the 110 children with MIH, 92.7% (102 children) had mild MIH, while 7.3% (8 children) had severe MIH. All affected children exhibited MIH in both the first molars and permanent incisors. A history of trauma to primary teeth was identified as a significant risk factor, increasing the likelihood of MIH by 1.73 times (adjusted OR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.06-2.83). Conclusion The incidence of MIH among children in Dong Thap, Vietnam, is relatively high and is significantly associated with a history of trauma to primary teeth. Preventive measures and timely interventions are essential to minimize traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth and reduce the incidence of MIH. Clinical significance The prevalence of MIH in children aged 7-10 years in Dong Thap, Vietnam, is notably high. Among the examined risk factors, a history of traumatic dental injuries in primary teeth remained significantly associated with MIH, aligning with findings from previous studies. However, further long-term studies examining MIH risk factors from pregnancy through early childhood are needed in the future.