ArticleJournal of pharmacopuncture2025
Suppression of Macrophage Migration and M2 Polarization by an Ethanolic Extract of
Article in Journal of pharmacopuncture, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Baicalin ameliorates interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: The root of Methods: The effect of ESB on macrophage migration was evaluated using a transwell migration assay. Conditioned medium (CM) derived from lung cancer cells was used as a chemoattractant. M2 macrophage polarization was assessed by measuring the IL-4- or IL-6-induced expression of M2 macrophage markers (CD206, arginase-1, and IL-10) via real-time PCR. The phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was analyzed by Western blotting. The effect of ESB-regulated M2 polarization on lung cancer cell migration was evaluated using a transwell migration assay with CM from macrophages. Results: ESB significantly inhibited the migration of both RAW 264.7 and THP-1 macrophages. In addition, ESB suppressed IL-4- and IL-6-induced M2 macrophage marker expression and reduced STAT3 phosphorylation, indicating the inhibition of macrophage polarization into the M2 phenotype. Furthermore, CM from M2-polarized RAW 264.7 cells enhanced Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cell migration, whereas CM from RAW 264.7 cells co-treated with ESB and IL-6 markedly reversed this effect. Conclusion: These findings suggest that ESB attenuates macrophage migration and prevents M2 macrophage polarization, leading to the suppression of lung cancer cell migration. These results highlight the potential of ESB as an anticancer agent targeting TAMs.
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Registered trials
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