Trial reportAesthetic plastic surgery2025
More Comfortable Enjoyment for Upper Eyelid Blepharoplasty: Optimization of Anesthesia Methods Using Stepwise Local Anesthesia Technique.
Trial report in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Response to: "Supplementary Strategies for Optimizing Local Anesthesia in Plastic Surgery".Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPerceived pain during local anesthesia injections in double-eyelid blepharoplasty can be influenced by both the epinephrine concentration and local anesthetics components. This study aimed to explore a new stepwise local anesthesia method for upper eyelid blepharoplasty, utilizing ropivacaine mixed with lidocaine, stepwise increase in epinephrine concentration infiltration, and stepwise specific anesthesia application during two surgical procedures.
methodsA prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted on a cohort of patients undergoing upper double-eyelid blepharoplasty, who were randomly divided into two distinct groups: conventional local anesthesia and stepwise anesthetic method. The operative perception pain (VAS), reflexive lacrimation, postoperative periorbital appearance, and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.
resultsA total of 184 patients were included and randomized. The mean visual analog scale (VAS) of the stepwise local anesthesia group was significantly lower than control (T0-T5, all P < 0.001). Meanwhile as for the probability of reflexive lacrimation, stepwise local anesthesia group was lower than control method (P < 0.01). With regard to the periorbital appearance, there are significant differences between two groups in Day 7 at ecchymosis, erythema, and swelling (P < 0.05), and the stepwise local anesthesia method group was lower than control group. However, in 1 month there are no significant differences between two groups. The satisfaction of stepwise local anesthesia group was higher than control (P = 0.016).
conclusionIn summary, the stepwise local anesthesia technique employed in upper eyelid blepharoplasty demonstrates superior efficacy compared to conventional anesthesia. This technique effectively mitigates pain and immediate postoperative appearance, thereby resulting in heightened patient contentment and justifying its continued endorsement. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Indexed as
Identifiers
40588641What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.