ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2025
Development and Effect of Prenatal Education Programs Using Virtual Reality for Pregnant Women Hospitalized With Preterm Labor: Experimental Study.
Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Virtual, Augmented, Mixed, and Immersive Technologies for Prenatal and Childbirth Education: Scoping Review.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2026Review
- Open-Access Web-Based Gamification in Pharmacology Education for Medical Students: Quasi-Experimental Study.JMIR medical education · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Pregnant women hospitalized due to preterm labor often experience anxiety, stress, and physical discomfort, which may influence uterine contractions and cervical changes, underscoring the need for effective prenatal management. Virtual reality (VR)-based prenatal education programs can enhance interaction and engagement for these women. The Cox Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior (IMCHB) provides an appropriate framework for nursing interventions addressing their complex needs. This study developed a VR prenatal education program based on the IMCHB and evaluated its effectiveness. Objective: This study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate the effects of a prenatal educational program using VR technology for pregnant women hospitalized with preterm labor. Methods: This program was developed based on the Cox IMCHB. To guide program development, we applied the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate (ADDIE) model, following its 5 stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The study used a pre- and posttest design with a nonequivalent control group. A total of 15 participants in the experimental group and 16 participants in the control group, all pregnant women hospitalized with preterm labor, were analyzed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; homogeneity tests; the chi-square test; the Fisher exact test; and independent, unpaired, 2-tailed t tests. Results: The experimental group that participated in the VR-based prenatal education program showed significantly lower levels of state anxiety (P=.009), stress related to preterm labor (P=.002), frequency of uterine contractions (P=.004), and intensity of uterine contractions (P<.001) compared with the control group. Additionally, the experimental group demonstrated a significantly greater increase in cervical length (P=.009). Practice behavior (P=.047) and self-efficacy in pregnancy health care (P<.001) were also significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. Conclusions: Prenatal education using VR was shown to be effective across physical, emotional, and educational domains by delivering a professional, integrated intervention tailored to the complex nursing needs of hospitalized patients with preterm labor.
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