ArticleEuropean child & adolescent psychiatry2025
In the genetics of the beholder: gene-environment interplay for internalising and externalising behaviours using polygenic scores and adolescent perceptions of parenting.
Article in European child & adolescent psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Adolescent internalising and externalising behaviours arise from a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Understanding how parents' genes affect risk for psychopathology in offspring-whether through direct genetic transmission or environmentally mediated genetic nurture-is crucial for identifying causal mechanisms and intervention targets. However, few studies have examined this interplay rigorously in relation to adolescent psychopathology, and findings to date have remained mixed. To tackle this gap in research, we examined both genetic transmission and genetic nurture pathways using polygenic risk for psychopathology on adolescent internalising and externalising behaviours.The sample comprised 762 genotyped parent-offspring trios from the TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey (TRAILS). Parent and offspring polygenic scores for genetic liability to general psychopathology (p-PGS) were computed and jointly modelled to estimate genetically transmitted and genetic nurture contributions to parental reports of offspring internalising and externalising behaviours at age 11.Our findings indicate that parental polygenic risk for genetic liability to general psychopathology (captured as parental p-PGS) was associated with adolescent internalising-but not externalising-behaviours. Primarily this association was via environmental rather than direct genetic pathways, providing support for genetic nurture (b = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.05/0.22, q-value = 0.004). However, we found no association between parental p-PGS and adolescent-reported parenting behaviours, limiting our ability to assess whether genetic nurture effects for internalising problems were mediated by adolescent perspectives of parenting.The study highlights the importance of genetic nurture's influence on internalising behaviours, and encourages the consideration of genetic influences on perceptions of environmental influences that may be key.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.