Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40586340›Full record

ArticleJournal of water and health2025

Particulate contaminants and treatment decision-making: maximizing the value of raw water pathogen monitoring for drinking water safety.

Dafne de Brito Cruz, Philip Schmidt, Kelsey Kundert, Norma Ruecker, Monica Emelko

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Journal of water and health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Dafne de Brito CruzCivil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2417-6161
Philip SchmidtCivil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-6827
Kelsey KundertWater Services, The City of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Norma RueckerWater Services, The City of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5130-5985
Monica EmelkoCivil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada E-mail: mbemelko@uwaterloo.ca.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8295-0071

Funding

Canada Research Chairs 950-232469City of Calgary and the Alberta Innovates Water Innovation Program AI2385BforWater: NSERC Strategic Partnership Grant for Networks NETGP 494312-16
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Periodic evaluation of particulate contaminants in raw/untreated water is integral to assessing risk, establishing treatment requirements, and ensuring drinking water safety. However, pathogenic microorganisms and other discrete particles (e.g., microplastics) are not typically monitored with any regularity. When monitoring is required, recommended, or proactively used to evaluate the adequacy of treatment or assess treatment needs, there is a need for guidance on how to collect data and use them to maximize return on investment. The potentially increasing variability in source water quality associated with climate change emphasizes the importance of knowing contaminant concentrations to effectively manage risks. This work presents a framework to guide the development of monitoring protocols for particulate contaminants in water and the integration of monitoring data and quantitative microbial risk assessment into treatment decisions. The protozoa monitoring and risk-based compliance approach of a drinking water utility in Canada is presented along with 7 years of data. Guidance for determining sampling frequencies and locations is provided. It is shown that

Indexed as

Decision MakingDrinking WaterEnvironmental MonitoringWater MicrobiologyWater PurificationCanadaCryptosporidiumGiardiaRisk AssessmentWater QualityDrinking WatermicroplasticsprotozoaQMRArisk

Identifiers

PMID40586340

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.