ArticleBrain communications2025
Early brain iron changes in Parkinson's disease and isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder: a four-year longitudinal multimodal quantitative MRI study.
Article in Brain communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trace Elements Dyshomeostasis and Toxic Metals Neurotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Biological trace element research · 2026Review
- Reimagining the contribution of iron in Parkinson's disease.Neurobiology of disease · 2026Review
- Longitudinal changes of iron in the substantia nigra of early-stage Parkinson's disease.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- HFE genotype influences substantia nigra iron accumulation and Parkinson's disease progression.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Iron accumulation in the substantia nigra is linked to functional network connectivity alterations in early-stage Parkinson's Disease: an exploratory study.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Exploring the role of quantitative susceptibility mapping in assessing brain iron deposition in hemodialysis patients.Insights into imaging · 2026Article
- Neuroimaging and Pathology Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- Parkinson's disease progression is shaped by longitudinal changes in cerebral compensation.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Neuromelanin, iron and MRI measurements in midbrain tissues of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's subjects.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Differential brain iron deposition in Parkinson's disease subtypes: a comparative quantitative susceptibility mapping study of tremor-dominant versus postural instability/gait difficulty phenotypes.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease demonstrates increased iron concentration in the substantia nigra (SN). The progression of iron and its interaction with neuromelanin content and dopaminergic dysregulation from prodromal to early-stage Parkinson's disease remain poorly understood. Using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and R2* relaxation rate, we investigated brain iron changes in patients with isolated rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder and early-stage Parkinson's disease. Subjects were scanned longitudinally at 3.0 Tesla MRI. QSM and R2* values were calculated in the entire SN and its anterior and posterior dorsal and ventral subdivisions. Baseline and longitudinal group differences were tested using analysis of variance of multiple linear regression models controlling for age and sex and linear mixed-effects modelling respectively. We included 44/36/28 healthy volunteers (HVs), 49/20/11 isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder, 127/88/50 Parkinson's disease at first/second/third visit respectively, separated by a 2-year interval. At baseline, there was a significant increase in QSM and R2* values in Parkinson's disease versus HVs in the posteroventral SN only (QSM: +17.6%%; R2*: +7.1%), which did not reach significance in isolated REM sleep behaviour disorder (QSM: +6.9%, R2*: +3.3%). Longitudinally, only posteroventral SN values demonstrated significant effects for Group and Visit using QSM and R2*. Further, the Group-by-Visit interaction was significant only for QSM. The posteroventral SN iron increased with disease duration and was inversely correlated with the changes in nigral neuromelanin content and striatal DaT levels in Parkinson's disease. The posteroventral nigral iron increased with the progression of the disease as well as dopaminergic denervation in Parkinson's disease. QSM was a stronger quantitative longitudinal marker than R2* in detecting regional nigral iron abnormalities as the disease progressed.
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