ArticleCureus2025
Development and Evaluation of Oro-Mucosal Drug Delivery System for the Effective Management of Oropharyngeal Candidiasis: An Animal Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Bioactive Constituents ofDrug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Oral candidiasis (OC) is a frequently occurring opportunistic fungal infection seen in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with AIDS, those with diabetes mellitus, those undergoing chemotherapy for cancer, or those on prolonged antibiotic medication. Traditional formulations for OC, including mouth paints, rinses, troches, lozenges, and oral gels, cannot sustain the salivary levels of active ingredients over an extended duration. Posaconazole is an extended-spectrum triazole antifungal used to treat invasive candidiasis. A sustained release of this agent is essential for maintaining the salivary concentration for a long. Hence, this study was undertaken to develop a safe and effective posaconazole drug formulation for the management of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Aim The aim of this study was to develop a safe and effective drug formulation for the management of oropharyngeal candidiasis. Methods The study was conducted in two phases namely: experimental phase I (formulation phase) and experimental phase II. Experimental phase I (formulation phase) consisted of drug and excipient procurement, formulation of chitosan-coated poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles, preparation of chitosan-coated PLGA nanoparticles containing posaconazole, and characterization of formulation. Subsequently, the experimental phase II was carried out, which consisted of conducting in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro studies consisted of assessing the agar gel diffusion method and time-dependent fungicidal activity. In vivo studies were carried out on animal models (rats) after obtaining ethical clearance from the Animal Ethics Committee. Results The in vitro release profile of posaconazole from chitosan/PLGA nanoparticles over 60 h showed that the nanoparticles prolonged the posaconazole release. Nanoformulation was found to be quite active against the
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