ArticleResearch square2025
Empiric Azithromycin in COVID-19 Impacts the Respiratory Microbiome and Antimicrobial Resistome without Anti-inflammatory Benefit.
Charles Langelier, Abigail Glascock, Cole Maguire, Hoang Van Phan, Emily Lydon, Carolyn Calfee, David Corry, Farrah Kheradmand, Lindsey Baden, Rafick-Pierre Sekaly and 43 more
Abstract readPreprint
In one paragraphArticle in Research square, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
2 · The registryThe trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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3 · Its place in the literatureWho cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
4 · The recordCorrections and comments
5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
53 authors.
Abigail GlascockChan Zuckerberg Biohub.
Hoang Van PhanUCSF.
Emily LydonUniversity of California San Francisco.
Carolyn CalfeeUniversity of California San Francisco.
Rafick-Pierre SekalyCase Western Reserve University.
Nelson HiguitaU Oklahoma.
Monica KraftUniversity of Arizona.
Chris BimeUniversity of Arizona.
Joanna SchaenmanUCLA.
Esther MelamedThe University of Texas at Austin.
Albert ShawYale University School of Medicine.
Catherine HoughOregon Health Sciences University.
Alison AugustineNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/National Institutes of Health.
Walter EckalbarUniversity of California, San Francisco.
Nadine RouphaelEmory University.
Elaine ReedUniversity of California, Los Angeles.
Funding
Using a tonsil organoid system to probe conditions for the induction of protective antibody and T cell responses to influenza.U19AI057229 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI Mark Morris Davis · 2003 to 2026
$88.5MTranslation of immunologic technologies from basic research into pre-clinical nonU19AI062629 · NIAID · OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION · PI COGGESHALL, KENNETH MARK · 2004 to 2023
$56.2MSystems investigation of vaccine responses in B cell depleted autoimmune patientsU19AI089992 · NIAID · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI Albert C Shaw · 2010 to 2026
$50.4MProject 3 - Ex vivo immune profiling of dengue viruses and vaccinesU19AI118610 · NIAID · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI HARRIS, EVA · 2015 to 2021
$46.6MSystems Biological Analysis of Innate and Adaptive Responses to VaccinationU19AI090023 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI AHMED, RAFI, LI, SHUZHAO · 2010 to 2021
$45.0MUnderstanding Asthma EndotypesU19AI077439 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI PRESCOTT G WOODRUFF · 2008 to 2026
$41.1MClinical and Translational Science Collaborative of Northern Ohio, Catalyzing Linkages to Equity in Health (CLE Health)UM1TR004528 · NCATS · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI GRACE A MCCOMSEY · 2023 to 2026
$32.1MTranscriptomics to define biomarkers of neonatal vaccine immunogenicityU19AI118608 · NIAID · BOSTON CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL · PI LEVY, OFER · 2017 to 2021
$24.7MTollip inhibits IL-33 signaling during airway influenza virus infectionU19AI125357 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI KRAFT, MONICA, VERCELLI, DONATA · 2016 to 2025
$14.7MSystems biological assessment of T cell responses to vaccinationU19AI167903 · NIAID · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI BALI PULENDRAN · 2022 to 2026
$13.2MProject 3: Mapping the Evolution of Chronic Transplant Injury in the Context of CMV InfectionU19AI128913 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI REED, ELAINE F, SARWAL, MINNIE M · 2017 to 2021
$11.2MThe contribution of GPCRs to thymocyte medullary entry and central toleranceR01AI104870 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI Lauren Ilyse Richie EHRLICH · 2014 to 2026
$7.6MNCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004528NIAID NIH HHS K23 AI185326NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI104870NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI122220NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI135803NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI145835NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI057229NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI062629NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI077439NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI089992NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI090023NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI118608NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI118610NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI125357NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI128910NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI128913NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI167903NIAID NIH HHS U54 AI142766NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA018926
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
Azithromycin is often prescribed unnecessarily for respiratory infections, many of which are viral. During the COVID-19 pandemic, its use was widespread, in part due to alleged therapeutic benefits, which have since been disproven. Here, we sought to understand the impact of azithromycin exposure on the respiratory microbiome, antimicrobial resistome, and host immune response in a prospective multicenter cohort of 1164 patients hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using longitudinal nasal metatranscriptomics, we compared patients treated with azithromycin (n=366, 31.4%) to those who received no antibiotics (n=474, 40.7%) or antibiotics other than azithromycin (n=324, 27.8%). We found that azithromycin treatment altered the community composition of the nasal microbiome, reducing bacterial relative abundance, increasing fungal relative abundance, and increasing potentially pathogenic taxa such as
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PMID40585204
PMCPMC12204364
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