ReviewClinical parkinsonism & related disorders2025
Comparative effects of deep brain stimulation in subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus interna on verbal fluency and working memory in adult populations with parkinson's disease: A systematic review.
Review in Clinical parkinsonism & related disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effect of deep brain stimulation on motor complications in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Pooled it
- Neuropsychological Outcomes of Long-Term STN-DBS in Parkinson's Disease: A Multidomain Study in a Turkish Cohort.Asian journal of neurosurgery · 2026Article
- A multi-modal parcellation of human globus pallidus and its implications for symptom prediction and stratification in Parkinson's disease.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Neuromodulation of Working Memory: Mechanisms, Targets, and Behavioral Outcomes.Neuroscience insights · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus interna is a well-established treatment for motor symptoms in Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, the cognitive effects of DBS, particularly on verbal fluency and working memory, remain less clear. Purpose: This systematic review explores the comparative effects of subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus interna DBS on verbal fluency and working memory in adults with PD, addressing gaps in current cognitive outcome data. Methods: A comprehensive search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, EMCARE, and PsycINFO was conducted. Studies were selected based on predefined criteria, focusing on randomised and non-randomised controlled trials involving adult PD patients treated with subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus interna DBS. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments were performed. Results: Eight studies were included, with varied findings. Most studies observed a decline in verbal fluency following DBS, with no significant differences between subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus interna targets. Working memory outcomes were also mixed; however, one study showed a statistically significant result favouring globus pallidus interna DBS for working memory. Conclusions: The cognitive effects of DBS appear variable and target-independent, highlighting the need for individualised treatment planning. While DBS effectively addresses motor symptoms, its cognitive impacts, especially on verbal fluency and working memory, require further exploration. These findings support a more personalised DBS approach, considering cognitive profiles, implantation laterality, and long-term outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.