ArticleCurrent research in pharmacology and drug discovery2025
Optimizing ibrutinib bioavailability: Formulation and assessment of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-based nanosponge delivery systems.
Article in Current research in pharmacology and drug discovery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Modulation of p38 MAPK signaling in spinal cord injury by curcumin: targeting inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- An overview of advanced nanocarrier systems for Ibrutinib delivery: overcoming pharmacokinetic barriers and enabling targeted cancer therapy.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Review
- Multifunctional nanosponges in cancer therapy: Integrating targeted drug delivery and theranostic potential.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Review
- Cyclodextrins as Multifunctional Platforms in Drug Delivery and Beyond: Structural Features, Functional Applications, and Future Trends.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: The current research aims to improve the oral bioavailability of ibrutinib (IBR), a class II drug with low solubility, through the formulation of nanosponges (NSPs) that incorporate IBR, utilizing Hydroxypropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) and 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) as cross-linking agent. Methods: IBR-loaded HPβCD-NSPs were formulated by optimizing the molar proportion of HPβCD to CDI, as well as stirring rate and duration using a design-based methodology. The synthesized nanoparticles (NSPs) were examined for size, potential, and entrapment of drug. Characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), to assess compatibility. Permeability studies were conducted, followed by in vitro and in vivo assessments. Results: The optimized IBR-loaded HPβCD NSPs demonstrated a mean particle size of 145.6 ± 6.8 nm, a PDI of 0.170 ± 0.036, and an EE of 71.04 ± 2.40%. Further validation through zeta sizing, microscopic and spectral analysis, release studies, and pharmacokinetic assessments confirmed the optimization. The HPβCD NSPs demonstrated 14.96 times higher AUC0-t (area under the curve) with a Cmax increase of 6.45 times compared to the free drug, indicating a substantial improvement in bioavailability. Conclusion: IBR-loaded HPβCD NSPs offer a promising strategy for improved drug release and bioavailability, which could significantly benefit melanoma treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.