ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia2025
Availability of anti-rabies vaccine and rabies immunoglobulin in Indian health facilities: a nationwide cross-sectional health facility survey.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- One Health implementation for rabies elimination in India by 2030: Progress, governance, challenges, and policy alignment.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Passive Immunization Hesitancy Among Rabies-Exposed Individuals in China: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Fear of rabies and post-bite psychological stress: a qualitative study of YouTube comments from India.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Strengthening animal rabies surveillance through a public-private One Health collaboration: Insights from a field veterinarian workshop in Assam, India.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in India: a SWOT analysis.Therapeutic advances in vaccines and immunotherapy · 2026Review
- Rabies elimination in India: Pathways from vision to reality.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
55 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Ensuring the uninterrupted availability of the anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) and rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) in health facilities is crucial to achieve the global target of zero dog-mediated human rabies deaths by 2030. This study aimed to estimate the availability of ARV and RIG across health facilities in India. Methods: We conducted a nationwide health facility-based, cross-sectional study across 60 districts selected by multistage probability sampling from 15 Indian states. In each district, we selected nine health facilities. We interviewed staff involved in the rabies control program in each of the selected health facilities, and abstracted and physically validated information on the availability of ARV and RIG. Findings: Of the 534 health facilities surveyed, 467 (87.5%) were public sector health facilities. ARV was available in 372 (79.7%, 95% CI: 75.7%-83.2%) public sector health facilities, ranging from 60.0% to 93.2% in different geographic regions. Availability of ARV was lowest in Urban Primary Healthcare Centres (UPHCs) (58.9%, 95% CI: 45.0%-71.9%). RIG was available in 95 (20.3%, 95% CI: 16.8%-24.3%) public sector health facilities, with the highest availability in southern states (27/88, 30.7%). The availability of RIG ranged from 1.8% (95% CI: 16.8%-24.3%) in UPHCs to 69.2% (95% CI: 48.2%-85.7%) in medical college hospitals. Interpretation: Considerable geographic and facility-level variations exist in the availability of ARV and RIG across India. Bridging the gap in the availability of ARV and RIG should be prioritised to achieve the goal of zero-dog-mediated human rabies deaths by 2030. Funding: Indian Council of Medical Research.
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