ReviewFrontiers in pharmacology2025
Advances and challenges in cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, clinical applications, and future directions.
Review in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- The logarithmic phase as a therapeutic direction: evaluating pharmacological strategies against cancer progression.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy for Cancer: Current Advances and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Polysaccharides: Natural candidates for targeting immunometabolic regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2026Review
- Exploring the landscape of programmed cell death protein-1 and cluster of differentiation 28 positive T cells and cytokines in non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective case-control study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of New Quinazolin-4(3Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Aptamers and aptamer-drug conjugates as synthetic immune modulators for cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Overcoming immunotherapy barriers in pediatric brain tumors: epigenetic strategies.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Smart control of CAR-T cells: emerging strategies for safer and more effective cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Phage enabled precision drug delivery: dual function platforms for therapeutics and genetic cargo transport.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- CTLA4 genetic variants influence immune regulation and susceptibility of HPV associated cervical cancer.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- The Underlying Mechanisms and Emerging Strategies to Overcome Resistance in Breast Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer is a major threat to public health today, particularly due to the emergence of drug resistance and disease re-emergence post-traditional treatment. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) support cancer progression through their immunosuppressive mechanisms expressing co-inhibitory molecules like programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobin-3 (TIM-3), and T-cell immunoglobin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), that suppress T-cell activation and allow tumor cells to grow uncontrollably. Emerging cancer immunotherapeutic strategies targeting these checkpoints inhibit tumor-immune escape and impede cancer progression. This review highlights the mechanistic effects of these drugs and enumerates various critical combinatorial strategies that can be utilized for effective cancer treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.