Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40584169›Full record

ArticleJournal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran)2025

Comparing the Inhibitory Effect of Kefir Drink and Chlorhexidine Mouthwash against Oral Bacteria in Orthodontic Patients.

Leila Jabbareh, Hodis Ehsani, Hamidreza Goli, Abolfazl Hosseinnataj, Sajjad Ebadian, Melika Mollaei, Tahura Etezadi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of dentistry (Shiraz, Iran), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Leila JabbarehDept. of Periodontics, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Hodis EhsaniDept. of Periodontics, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Hamidreza GoliMolecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Abolfazl HosseinnatajDept. of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Sajjad EbadianDentist, Dental Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Melika MollaeiDentistry Student, Dental Research Center, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Tahura EtezadiDept. of Orthodontics, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The presence of orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity increases the number of cariogenic microorganisms, highlighting the risk of periodontal disease and dental caries. Many approaches can be employed to overcome this problem. Purpose: This study was conducted to compare the effect of kefir drink with chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on the growth of oral bacteria in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Materials and Method: In this single-blind clinical trial study, 30 candidates for orthodontic treatment were selected and randomly divided into two groups (N=15). The intervention group received 100 ml of Kefir drink twice daily, while the control group used 10 ml of 0.2% mouthwash for 20 days. Microbial sampling was done three times including before intervention, immediately after intervention, and 20 days after intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software V.23 with a significance level of less than 0.05. Results: The findings suggested that the number of bacteria in the CHX group was significantly higher than in the intervention group ( Conclusion: Both CHX and Kefir have antibacterial properties against oral bacteria.

Indexed as

Chlorhexidine HydrochlorideKefir Grains, OrthodonticsOral bacteriaProbiotic

Identifiers

PMID40584169
PMCPMC12205136

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.