Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40583517›Full record

ReviewJournal of biophotonics2025

Unstained Blood Smear Analysis: A Review of Rule-Based, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Techniques.

Husnu Baris Baydargil, Thomas Bocklitz

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of biophotonics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Husnu Baris BaydargilInstitute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6898-3136
Thomas BocklitzInstitute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-2778-6624

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Blood cells are central to oxygen transport, immune defense, and hemostasis. Their number and morphology act as sensitive biomarkers, making accurate segmentation and classification essential for hematological diagnostics. Biophotonic techniques now provide label-free imaging of unstained smears by exploiting intrinsic phase and scattering contrast, yet such images exhibit low optical signal and subtle morphological variation that exacerbate segmentation errors. Label-free modalities nevertheless preserve contrast where dyes fail, motivating renewed interest in unstained workflows. This review analyzes rule-based, machine-learning, and deep-learning approaches for segmenting and classifying label-free blood cells, highlighting performance gains, persistent challenges, and future directions for clinical adoption.

Indexed as

Blood CellsDeep LearningHematologic TestsImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMachine LearningHumansbiophotonicsdeep learningmachine learningrule‐based image analysisunstained blood smear analysis

Identifiers

PMID40583517
PMCPMC12507489

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.