ArticleJournal of sport and health science2025
The lasting impacts of relative energy deficiency in sport imposed on pregnancy health outcomes: A survey-based investigation.
Article in Journal of sport and health science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Adaptation or Maladaptation? Rethinking How Energy Restriction Outcomes Are Monitored.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Article
- Reconsidering the life-course implications of relative energy deficiency in sport on pregnancy outcomes.Journal of sport and health science · 2026Article
- Protecting women's health in sport: the role of low energy availability in the Female Athlete Triad and RED-S.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRelative energy deficiency in sport (REDs) results from exposure to problematic low energy availability. It is a serious condition affecting the health and athletic performance of up to 80% of elite female athletes. REDs is established to have negative short-term effects on reproductive function, but the long-term impact of this condition is unknown. Therefore, we examined the impact of secondary amenorrhea with or without a concurrent diagnosis of REDs on perinatal health outcomes.
methodsPostpartum individuals (≥18 years of age) completed an online questionnaire that covered demographics, reproductive history (including a diagnosis of REDs or secondary amenorrhea), and maternal/fetal health outcomes. Logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between previously diagnosed REDs or secondary amenorrhea with perinatal health outcomes.
resultsA total of 1025 previously pregnant participants completed the survey (33.1 ± 3.4 years, mean ± SD). Prior to pregnancy, 6.1% had been previously diagnosed with REDs and 20.5% had a history with secondary amenorrhea. Individuals diagnosed with REDs had 3.5-times higher odds of having premature labor (odds ratio, (OR) = 3.52, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.26-9.81) and 2.6-times higher odds of preterm delivery (OR = 2.62, 95%CI: 1.05-6.58) compared to those who had not experienced REDs or secondary amenorrhea. However, in individuals who did not have a history of REDs, secondary amenorrhea did not increase the odds of adverse pregnancy or delivery outcomes.
conclusionA history of REDs, but not secondary amenorrhea, may increase the odds of premature labor and preterm delivery.
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