Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40581879›Full record

ArticleBiotechnology letters2025

Nano-enhanced biocarriers: ferric oxide-modified chitosan and calcium alginate beads for improved fermentation efficiency and reusability in a bubble column bioreactor.

David Abutu, B O Aderemi, A O Ameh, Hafizuddin Wan Yussof, Augustine Agi

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biotechnology letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

David AbutuDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1346-5304
B O AderemiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
A O AmehDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Hafizuddin Wan YussofFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
Augustine AgiFaculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia. augustine@umpsa.edu.my.

Funding

PETRONAS Research Sdn Bhd UIC 240814.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Chitosan beads (CB) and calcium alginate beads (CAB) are widely used for immobilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fermentation, but their low mechanical strength and limited surface area reduce ethanol yield. To overcome these limitations, ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles were incorporated into CB and CAB to enhance both mechanical strength and surface area. The modified carriers were employed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilization in a bubble column bioreactor under semi-batch fermentation conditions at 35 °C, an air flow rate of 0.01 L/min, and pH 4.0 for 15 h. The Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles incorporation significantly improved the rupture forces of CB and CAB, increasing from 2 ± 0.05 N to 8 ± 0.5 N and 2 ± 0.05 N to 9 ± 0.07 N, respectively. The surface area of CB increased from 18 ± 0.3 m

Indexed as

AlginatesBioreactorsChitosanFerric CompoundsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCells, ImmobilizedEthanolFermentationGlucuronic AcidHexuronic AcidsAlginatesChitosanEthanolFerric Compoundsferric oxideGlucuronic AcidHexuronic AcidsBioethanolBubble Column BioreactorFermentationImmobilizationModified calcium alginateModified Chitosan

Identifiers

PMID40581879
PMCPMC12206680

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.