Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40581858›Full record

ArticleBiostatistics (Oxford, England)2025

Causal functional mediation analysis with an application to functional magnetic resonance imaging data.

Yi Zhao, Xi Luo, Michael E Sobel, Martin A Lindquist, Brian S Caffo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biostatistics (Oxford, England), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Mediation analysis with graph mediator.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2025
    Article
  3. Longitudinal analysis of the ABCD® study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2025
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Yi ZhaoDepartment of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN 46204, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4766-5934
Xi LuoDepartment of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1200 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
Michael E SobelDepartment of Statistics, Columbia University, 1255 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Martin A LindquistDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 46202, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2289-0828
Brian S CaffoDepartment of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 46202, USA.

Funding

Structural Biology CoreU54AG065181 · NIA · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI Timothy I Richardson · 2019 to 2026
$61.3M
Research Education ComponentP30AG072976 · NIA · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI ANDREW J SAYKIN · 2021 to 2026
$24.1M
Texas Developmental Center for AIDS ResearchP30AI161943 · NIAID · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI GIORDANO, THOMAS P · 2021 to 2025
$8.3M
Personalized spatiotemporal hemodynamic response models for functional magnetic resonance imagingR01MH129397 · NIMH · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Martin Lindquist, TOR D. WAGER · 2022 to 2026
$3.8M
Statistical methods for longitudinal integrated mechanistic modeling of multiview dataR01MH126970 · NIMH · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI Yi Zhao · 2022 to 2026
$2.6M
Longitudinal Causal Inferencer for fMRIR01EB016061 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI LINDQUIST, MARTIN · 2013 to 2020
$2.3M
Statistical methods for structural and functional integration in multi-modal neuroimaging dataR01EB029977 · NIBIB · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI CAFFO, BRIAN SCOTT · 2021 to 2024
$1.9M
NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072976NIA NIH HHS U54 AG065181NIH HHS P30AG072976NIH HHS P30AI161943NIH HHS R01EB016061NIH HHS R01EB029977NIH HHS R01MH126970NIH HHS R01MH129397NIH HHS U54AG065181
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A primary goal of task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies is to quantify the effective connectivity between brain regions when stimuli are presented. Assessing the dynamics of effective connectivity has attracted increasing attention. Causal mediation analysis serves as a widely implemented tool aiming to delineate the mechanism between task stimuli and brain activations. However, the case, where the treatment, mediator, and outcome are continuous functions, has not been studied. Causal mediation analysis for functional data is considered. Semiparametric functional linear structural equation models are introduced and causal assumptions are discussed. The proposed models allow for the estimation of individual effect curves. The models are applied to a task-based fMRI study, providing a new perspective of studying dynamic brain connectivity. The R package cfma for implementation is available on CRAN.

Indexed as

BrainMagnetic Resonance ImagingMediation AnalysisModels, StatisticalHumanscausal inferencedynamic brain connectivityfunctional data analysismediationstructural equation modelingtime-varying causal trajectory

Identifiers

PMID40581858
PMCPMC12206356

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.