SynthesisThe Lancet. Global health2025
Protection from killed whole-cell cholera vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in The Lancet. Global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Safety and immunogenicity of PanChol, a single-dose live-attenuated oral cholera vaccine: results from a phase 1a, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- The case for evaluation of double mutant heat-labile toxin as an adjuvant to improve oral cholera vaccine immunogenicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- 5-Year effectiveness of an oral cholera vaccine in a cholera outbreak in rural Haiti: a case-control study.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Article
- Development of DuoChol, a Thermostable Inactivated Whole-Cell/B-Subunit Oral Cholera Vaccine in Enteric Capsule.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics and outcomes of the 2023-2024 cholera outbreak in South Yemen: a retrospective descriptive study from MSF-supported centres.BMC public health · 2026Article
- From discovery to delivery: a systems-based pathway for translating science into global and humanitarian health impact.Conflict and health · 2026Article
- Serological responses to killed oral cholera vaccine (OCV) when given 4 years after initial receipt of OCV in Cameroon: A randomized controlled trial.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Effectiveness of a single dose of oral cholera vaccine: findings from epidemiological and genomic surveillance ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundKilled whole-cell oral cholera vaccines (kOCVs) are a standard prevention and control measure in cholera-endemic areas and during outbreaks and humanitarian emergencies. New evidence has emerged and the ways in which the vaccines are used have changed. We aimed to provide an updated synthesis of evidence on protection conferred by kOCV.
methodsIn this systematic review and meta-analysis, we used the same search procedure as a previous systematic review to identify randomised clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies that reported estimates of protection conferred by kOCVs against medically attended, confirmed cholera. Eligible studies in English, French, Spanish, or Chinese published up until March 8, 2024, including those identified in the previous review, were included. Data on efficacy and effectiveness were extracted, as were the number of doses, duration of follow-up, and age group. Efficacy and effectiveness estimates were summarised separately using random-effect models to estimate protection by time since vaccination; meta-regression models were used to estimate protection, by dose, as a function of time since vaccination. This updated study is registered along with the original review with PROSPERO (CRD42016048232).
findingsWe identified 8205 records published online up until March 8, 2024, including 6224 articles from the previous review and 1981 articles from our new search (after Jan 1, 2016). Of these, 53 were eligible for full-text review. Five RCTs and ten observational studies from 23 publications were included. Average two-dose efficacy 12 months after vaccination was 55% (95% CI 46-62), declining to 44% (25-59) 48 months after vaccination. Average two-dose effectiveness was 69% (58-78) 12 months after vaccination, declining to 47% (9-70) 48 months after vaccination. Only one RCT assessed one-dose efficacy and found sustained protection for 24 months (57% [42-69]) among those 5 years and older with no significant protection in younger children. Average one-dose effectiveness 12 months after vaccination was 60% (51-68) and after 24 months was 47% (34-58). Using age group-specific meta-analysis, we found that average two-dose efficacy in children younger than 5 years was half that of older individuals.
interpretationTwo doses of kOCV provide protection against medically attended cholera for at least 4 years after vaccination. One dose of kOCV provides protection for at least 2 years after vaccination, but wanes faster than that of two doses. Children younger than 5 years are less protected by kOCVs than those aged 5 years and older, regardless of the number of doses received.
fundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.