ArticleOphthalmology and therapy2025
The Economic Burden of Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Patients and Caregivers in the UK, Europe, and North America.
Article in Ophthalmology and therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Use of Aflibercept 8 mg for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema in Italy: A Cost-Minimisation Analysis Based on an Indirect Treatment Comparison.Advances in therapy · 2026Pooled it
- Tyrosine Kinase Receptors, Inhibition, and Potential Role in the Pharmacotherapy of Retinal Disorders.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Hydrogel-encapsulated antioxidant nanotherapeutics against age-related macular degeneration (AMD) oxidative damage.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2026Review
- Preliminary Observations of Bilateral Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Progression: A Real-World Retrospective Case Series.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond Cost: Faricimab as a Driver of Service Efficiency and Quality in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Care.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Anatomical and Systemic Predictors of Early Response to Subthreshold Micropulse Laser in Diabetic Macular Edema: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Beyond Vision: Prospective Real-World Evaluation of Quality-of-Life and Caregiver Burden in Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with Fluocinolone Acetonide (IluvienOphthalmology and therapy · 2026Article
- Estimating the costs and quality of life impact of vision loss in the population aged 50-80 years in Malta: evidence from The Malta Eye Study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIntravitreal (IVT) injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents are the standard of care for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME). While demonstrated to be effective, these treatments potentially place a significant burden on patients owing to their cost and frequency of treatment visits required for administration. The objective of this study was to investigate the economic burden of treatment on patients with nAMD/DME and their informal caregivers in seven countries.
methodsData were collected from patients and caregivers in the USA, UK, Canada, Italy, Spain, Germany, and France using a survey between September and December 2022. Each survey collected data to facilitate calculating economic burden, combining the total financial costs (i.e., direct costs to receive treatment) and productivity losses associated with attending treatment appointments over a 6-month period. Quality of life data were collected using validated instruments.
resultsIn total, 194 patients and 194 caregivers reported currently receiving (or caring for someone who receives) anti-VEGF treatment. Across all countries, the modal frequency of anti-VEGF treatment was every 4 weeks, except for patients with DME (every 8 weeks). The largest, mean 6-month economic burden on the pooled population of patients with nAMD/DME was reported in Italy (€1244) and on caregivers it was in the USA (€3069). Economic burden was lower for respondents receiving fewer anti-VEGF injections.
conclusionsMore durable therapies for nAMD/DME would reduce treatment burden and have a sizeable impact financially on patients with nAMD/DME and their caregivers.
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