ArticleInternational health2026
Global, regional and national burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in International health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Selective advantages, selective mismatches, chronic inflammation, obesity, and type 2 diabetes: a new hypothesis to explain the effects of natural selection on genetic variation at the ectodysplasin A receptor locus.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Review
- Polyphenols as Multi-Target Regulators of Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function, and Cell Survival Signaling in Skin Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Sheep Placenta in the Treatment of Skin Disorders.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Development and validation of a skin health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors questionnaire for the general population: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Epidemiological trends and future burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases in China: insights from the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Diverging Global Patterns and Temporal Trends in Inflammatory and Infectious Skin Diseases.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dermatology · 2026Article
- Illness-related stigma mediates the association between disease severity and dermatology- specific quality of life in chronic inflammatory skin diseases: a structural equation modeling study.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSkin and subcutaneous diseases (SSDs) represent a growing global health burden. This study aims to assess global, regional and national trends in the incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) associated with 15 specific SSDs from 1990 to 2021, providing a comprehensive stratification by age, sex, sociodemographic index (SDI) and region.
methodsData from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2021, covering 204 countries, were analysed for age-standardized rates of incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs. Temporal trends were assessed using annual percentage change, age-period-cohort modelling and compositional analysis by SDI and GBD region.
resultsIn 2021, SSDs accounted for 4.7 billion incident cases, 2.0 billion prevalent cases, 119 129 deaths and 41.9 million DALYs globally. Incidence and prevalence have increased by >35% since 1990, with a higher burden among females and older adults. Immune-mediated and inflammatory SSDs have overtaken infectious conditions in high- and middle-SDI regions, while infections still dominate in low-SDI regions. Sub-Saharan Africa and tropical Latin America had the highest incidence and mortality burdens, respectively. A marked epidemiological shift was observed across most regions, with notable compositional transitions in SSD types over time.
conclusionsSSDs are increasing globally, with significant regional and socio-economic disparities. Targeted interventions and improved access to dermatologic care are critical for addressing the growing burden, especially in resource-limited regions.
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