ArticleJACC. Advances2025
Changes in Frailty and Cardiometabolic Disease: Evidence From a Longitudinal Cohort Study and Genetic Analysis.
Article in JACC. Advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association between the cardiometabolic index and intrinsic capacity and its domains in older adults: a study based on CHARLS data.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Combined associations of the frailty index and CHG index with cardiometabolic multimorbidity: a longitudinal study from the CHARLS cohort.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Baseline and 72-h dynamic laboratory deficit burden for mortality through day 90 after acute ischemic stroke in critical care: landmark analyses with temporal validation.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Frailty and transitions across cardiometabolic disease states: evidence from multistate models in a 16-year Chinese cohort.npj aging · 2025Article
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7 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundCardiometabolic diseases (CMD) include coronary heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. Patients who have ≥2 CMD are defined as cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM). CMD and CMM have been associated with frailty, but studies are limited.
objectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the association between frailty index (FI), changes in frailty, and risks of CMD and CMM.
methodsData were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Frailty status was classified into 3 categories: robust (FI ≤0.1), pre-frail (FI 0.1-0.25), and frail (FI ≥0.25). Total FI and change in FI (ΔFI) were divided into 3 tertiles. Mendelian randomization was used to clarify the relationship between FI and CMD from a genetic perspective.
resultsA total of 10,022 patients were included (female: 54.0%, median age: 57 years). Robust subjects who progressed to pre-frail/frail status had significantly increased risks of CMD (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.46-1.92) and CMM (HR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.30-2.50). Participants in the tertile 2 (HR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.31-1.66) and tertile 3 of the total FI group (HR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.87-2.37) had increased risks of developing CMD, compared with tertile 1. Participants in the upper tertile of the ΔFI group had higher risks of CMD (HR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.44-1.80) and CMM (HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.61-2.66) than those in the first tertile.
conclusionsProgression of frailty status elevates CMD and CMM risks. Higher total FI and ΔFI were also related to increased risks of CMD and CMM.
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