Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40579056›Full record

ArticleJACC. Advances2025

Neighborhood Deprivation and Racial Disparities in Heart Failure Outcomes: A Counterfactual Approach.

Wenxi Huang, Yuru Zhu, Stephen E Kimmel, Mustafa M Ahmed, Steven M Smith, Yao An Lee, Carl Yang, Jiang Bian, Yong Chen, Jingchuan Guo

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
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Article in JACC. Advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Wenxi HuangDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Yuru ZhuDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Stephen E KimmelDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions & College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Mustafa M AhmedDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Steven M SmithDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Yao An LeeDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
Carl YangDepartment of Computer Science, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Jiang BianDepartment of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
Yong ChenDepartment of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: ychen123@upenn.edu.
Jingchuan GuoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. Electronic address: guoj1@ufl.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHeart failure (HF) is a major contributor to hospitalizations and mortality in the United States, with significant racial disparities in care access and clinical outcomes. Social determinants of health (SDoH) play a critical role in shaping these disparities.

objectivesThis study aimed to assess the impact of neighborhood deprivation on racial disparities in HF outcomes and quantify the changes in adverse outcomes if non-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients resided in neighborhoods with SDoH level equal to those of non-Hispanic White (NHW) patients.

methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health records from the University of Florida, including adults hospitalized for HF between 2016 and 2021. SDoH level was measured using the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). The primary outcome was a composite measure of 1-year readmission and all-cause mortality. A counterfactual framework was applied to estimate how NHB patient outcomes might change if they lived in neighborhoods with ADI distributions equivalent to NHW patients.

resultsAmong 42,279 patients (mean age 65 ± 14.3 years; 48% women), NHB patients had more 1-year composite outcomes (32.92%) compared to NHW patients (27.69%). Adjusted analyses showed NHB patients had a higher risk of readmission or mortality (aOR: 1.101; 95% CI: 1.063-1.139). Counterfactual modeling showed that if NHB patients resided in neighborhoods with ADI distributions same as NHW patients, their outcome rate would decrease by 1.31% (95% CI: 1.309%-1.311%).

conclusionsThis study highlights racial disparities in HF outcomes attributed to neighborhood deprivation. Improving socioeconomic conditions in deprived neighborhoods could mitigate disparities in HF.

Indexed as

Area Deprivation Indexheart failurehospital readmissionneighborhood deprivationracial disparities

Identifiers

PMID40579056
PMCPMC12277623

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.