ArticleIn vivo (Athens, Greece)
Identification of Serum Biomarkers for Blast-induced Traumatic Brain Injuries: Low
Article in In vivo (Athens, Greece). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
aimTraumatic brain injury (TBI), particularly from blast exposures, is a growing global health concern due to increasing international conflicts and terrorist attacks. Blast exposure involves whole-body impact; however, the specific effects on the brain remain inadequately defined. This study aimed to identify serum-based protein biomarkers that could serve as non-invasive indicators for early detection and prediction of long-term outcomes of blast-induced TBI (bTBI), and to assess other organ-specific responses. Focus was given to proteins associated with inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and brain-specific injury. MATERIALS AND
methodsAdult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to repeated blast waves at either 10 pounds per square inch (PSI) or 20 PSI, while sham animals underwent identical procedures without blast exposure (n=8 per group). Serum samples were collected on day 0 (pre-injury) and day 28 (post-injury/sham). Protein levels were quantified using high-throughput western blotting and Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) multiplex assays. Key proteins analyzed included hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), C-peptide, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), ghrelin, and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).
resultsSignificant elevations in serum HIF-1α (
conclusionSerum HIF-1α, GFAP, and BDNF may serve as brain-specific biomarkers, while FGF-21 and ghrelin represent potential systemic markers for differentiating blast intensity and guiding therapeutic development.
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