Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40578920›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM2025

Sustainable Family Medicine Obstetrics as a Safety Net for Marginalized Low Resource Communities 2005-2022: The Impact of Expanded Training and Office Redesign.

Wm MacMillan Rodney, Kelly Rodney Arnold, John Rocco M Rodney, Nicholas Behymer, Caleb Fox, Mohammad Albitawi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Women's Health Care, Prevention in Practice, and Common Medical Illnesses.Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Wm MacMillan RodneyFrom the Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (WMR, JRMR, MA); William Carey Osteopathic College of Medicine, Hattiesburg, MS (WMR); University of Tennessee-Clinica Medicos, Chattanooga, TN (KRA, NB); University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN (JRMR, NB, MA); University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CF). wmrodney@aol.com.
Kelly Rodney ArnoldFrom the Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (WMR, JRMR, MA); William Carey Osteopathic College of Medicine, Hattiesburg, MS (WMR); University of Tennessee-Clinica Medicos, Chattanooga, TN (KRA, NB); University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN (JRMR, NB, MA); University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CF).
John Rocco M RodneyFrom the Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (WMR, JRMR, MA); William Carey Osteopathic College of Medicine, Hattiesburg, MS (WMR); University of Tennessee-Clinica Medicos, Chattanooga, TN (KRA, NB); University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN (JRMR, NB, MA); University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CF).
Nicholas BehymerFrom the Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (WMR, JRMR, MA); William Carey Osteopathic College of Medicine, Hattiesburg, MS (WMR); University of Tennessee-Clinica Medicos, Chattanooga, TN (KRA, NB); University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN (JRMR, NB, MA); University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CF).
Caleb FoxFrom the Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (WMR, JRMR, MA); William Carey Osteopathic College of Medicine, Hattiesburg, MS (WMR); University of Tennessee-Clinica Medicos, Chattanooga, TN (KRA, NB); University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN (JRMR, NB, MA); University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CF).
Mohammad AlbitawiFrom the Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN (WMR, JRMR, MA); William Carey Osteopathic College of Medicine, Hattiesburg, MS (WMR); University of Tennessee-Clinica Medicos, Chattanooga, TN (KRA, NB); University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN (JRMR, NB, MA); University of Memphis, Memphis, TN (CF).

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis prospective study of all pregnancies explored the impact of infrastructure changes reducing health care disparities over 18 years. Office redesign, hospital privileges, and expanded point of care services allowed family physicians to sustain comprehensive family care including obstetrics. RESEARCH

designFamily physicians leased office space in a chronically underserved urban area, with clinical revenue as the primary funding source. The office was redesigned to focus on providing bilingual services in a low resource community. Practicing physicians met weekly to improve policies for the care of uninsured and poorly insured patients. Independence from hospital and university control was essential for the changes that led to a self-sustaining medical group. The office was open access 7 days a week. A call group of family physicians with hospital privileges for higher risk obstetric care was formed to cover deliveries 24/7 365. This was prospectively designed as a longitudinal study 2005 to 2022. Data on family care and obstetrics were collected.All physicians followed the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) guidelines and were subject to hospital peer review. A subset of consecutive patients from the index group, 2019 to 2022, provided detailed data describing office visits, high-risk patients, office ultrasound, nursery services, and subsequent well-child family care. Coding and collections analysis tabulated revenue associated with these deliveries. External audits measured quality and cost.

resultsData from 13,926 consecutive family medicine deliveries over eighteen years underscore sustainability. A subset of 2,335 deliveries from Medicos 2019 to 2022 validated quality outcomes of high-risk obstetrics and repeat cesarean sections by family physicians. Expanded point of care services data included the first prenatal visit through postpartum, nursery, and early childcare.

conclusionThis model provides a framework for retaining obstetric services in low-resource, marginalized communities. Independence from hospital control allowed expansion of service which increased access and quality at lower cost.

Indexed as

Family PracticeObstetricsSafety-net ProvidersAdultFemaleHealthcare DisparitiesHumansLongitudinal StudiesMedically Underserved AreaPhysicians, FamilyPregnancyProspective StudiesCesarean SectionFamily MedicineFellowshipsHealth Care EconomicsLongitudinal StudiesObstetricsPoint of Care UltrasoundReimbursement DataTraining

Identifiers

PMID40578920
PMCPMC12616834

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.