ArticleBMJ open2025
Expert consensus on solutions to improve implementation of NICE type 2 diabetes guideline (NG28) by health systems in England: a Delphi panel by the INNOVATE-28 Working Group.
Article in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesTo provide expert consensus recommendations to support health systems in England to improve prioritisation and implementation of cardiovascular and renal risk-based type 2 diabetes (T2D) care, achieving quality improvement in line with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) NG28 guideline.
designA two-round modified Delphi panel was conducted.
settingParticipants represented health system leadership from a cross-section of integrated care systems across England. Delphi panel statements were relevant to both primary and secondary care.
participantsA panel of 28 participants took part in the Delphi panel (10.7% drop-off rate between rounds). Statement development was guided by a separate committee of 11 topic experts, forming the
resultsIn total, 84% (n=32/38) statements reached consensus across both Delphi rounds. There was agreement that health systems need to prioritise prevention of cardiovascular and renal complications in T2D, particularly for those at 'high' or at 'rising' cardiovascular and renal risk. Consensus was also reached that quality improvement should be incentivised based on local population needs, with investment into digital systems and supporting roles to aid this. Panellists further agreed that investment should be channelled into community-led resources to reinforce a preventative approach and help to ensure people living with T2D receive care in the most appropriate setting. Finally, collaboration between health and social care, health innovation networks and industry partners was highlighted as an opportunity to leverage support for the delivery of risk-based T2D care.
conclusionsThe recommendations from this Delphi panel are intended to support health systems to consistently implement the NG28 guideline and facilitate quality improvement to deliver equitable T2D care and mitigate cardiovascular and renal risk. By being innovative and bold with commissioning and ways of working, and leveraging partnerships, health system leaders can enact the transformational and sustainable change needed to improve outcomes for people living with T2D, tackle healthcare inequalities and optimise system resilience.
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