ArticleKidney international2025
Urinary C-X-C-motif ligand 9 (CXCL9) in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute interstitial nephritis.
Article in Kidney international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Journey: From Early Promise to Lasting Impact.Journal of immunotherapy and precision oncology · 2026Review
- Spatial Transcriptomics and Mechanisms of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Interstitial Nephritis.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Nephrotoxicity of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Mice with a Human Immune System.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The evolving field of nephrology: what comes next? A report from the European Renal Association Scientific Advisory Board.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Review
- Response to the Letter to the Editor Entitled "Beyond Lymphocytic Inflammation: Immune Architecture as a Determinant of Renal Outcomes".Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Risk stratification for immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge after acute kidney injury: towards a precision medicine framework.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Spatial Transcriptomics Identify T Cell-Driven Mechanisms of Kidney Damage in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Associated Acute Interstitial Nephritis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Urgent considerations on renal immune-related adverse events in oncology practice.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
27 authors.
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Abstract
introductionImmune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute interstitial nephritis presents significant clinical challenges. There are no reliable non-invasive biomarkers and kidney biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Prior studies have shown that urinary C-X-C-motif ligand 9 (CXCL9) is upregulated in patients with acute interstitial nephritis. However, its utility, specifically in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, is not well-understood.
methodsWe used proteomics followed by sandwich immunoassay to analyze urinary proteins among a multicenter cohort of prospectively enrolled participants with and without immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute interstitial nephritis.
resultsAmong 79 participants receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors, proteomics identified urine CXCL9 as the top-performing urinary biomarker differentiating 38 patients with biopsy-proven acute interstitial nephritis from other forms of acute kidney injury. We validated these results using immunoassay in an expanded cohort of 116 patients, observing higher CXCL9 levels in immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute interstitial nephritis compared to several control groups. Urinary CXCL9 was strongly associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute interstitial nephritis, with a receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84, interquartile range [0.74, 0.93] when compared to other forms of acute kidney injury, and an even higher discrimination when compared with all control groups (0.90, [0.83-0.96]).
conclusionsUrinary CXCL9 demonstrated high discrimination for differentiating acute interstitial nephritis from other forms of acute kidney injury in participants on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Our findings demonstrate the significant potential of this biomarker for non-invasive diagnosis of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute interstitial nephritis.
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