Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40577452›Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

Tumor-targeting nanocarriers amplified immunotherapy of cold tumors by STING activation and inhibiting immune evasion.

Jinhua Zhao, Aiping Tong, Jing Liu, Mingxia Xu, Peng Mi

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jinhua ZhaoDepartment of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.ORCID 0000-0002-7711-3762
Aiping TongDepartment of Biotherapy and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3392-5443
Jing LiuDepartment of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Mingxia XuDepartment of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Peng MiDepartment of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0123-4311

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The low immunogenicity and immune escape are bottlenecks for effective tumor immunotherapy. Here, we synthesized multifunctional polymers comprising a photosensitizer and cationic and thiol derivates and engineered a galactose-installed stimulator of interferon genes (STING) agonist and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) small interfering RNA (siPDL1)-encapsulated nanocarriers (cGAMP-siPDL1@GalNPs) for synergistic immunotherapy of low immunogenic tumors through stimulating robust immune responses. cGAMP-siPDL1@GalNPs efficiently delivered the drugs into cancer cells by targeting the galactose receptors to trigger photo-/redox-/pH-activated drug release. cGAMP-siPDL1@GalNPs stimulated robust antitumor immunity via STING activation and immunogenic cell death (ICD) and inhibited immune escape via knockdown of PD-L1 expression in tumors, which synergistically regulated the immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Upon laser irradiation, the nanocarriers efficiently eradicated primary melanoma and orthotopic triple-negative breast tumors and induced ICD effects, which synergically inhibited the distant tumor and spontaneous lung metastasis with improved survival rates. This study presents a strategy for developing nanocarriers to activate antitumor immunity and regulate immune invasion for effective immunotherapy.

Indexed as

Drug CarriersImmunotherapyMembrane ProteinsNanoparticlesAnimalsB7-H1 AntigenCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansImmunogenic Cell DeathMiceNucleotides, CyclicRNA, Small InterferingSTING ProteinTumor MicroenvironmentB7-H1 Antigencyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphateDrug CarriersMembrane ProteinsNucleotides, CyclicRNA, Small InterferingSTING1 protein, humanSTING Protein

Identifiers

PMID40577452
PMCPMC12204131

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.