Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40576890›Full record

ReviewHeart failure reviews2025

A concise guide of contemporary cardiovascular imaging practices to differentiate athlete's heart in the gray zone.

Efstathios D Pagourelias, Styliani Ouzouni, Panagiotis Salmatzidis, Theocharis Sargiannidis, Eleni Tsiouli, Dimitrios Ntelios, Evangelia Kouidi, Vasileios P Vassilikos

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Heart failure reviews, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Efstathios D PagoureliasThird Cardiology Department, Medical School, Cardiomyopathy UnitHippokrateion University HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. statpag@yahoo.gr.
Styliani OuzouniThird Cardiology Department, Medical School, Cardiomyopathy UnitHippokrateion University HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Panagiotis SalmatzidisThird Cardiology Department, Medical School, Cardiomyopathy UnitHippokrateion University HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Theocharis SargiannidisThird Cardiology Department, Medical School, Cardiomyopathy UnitHippokrateion University HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Eleni TsiouliThird Cardiology Department, Medical School, Cardiomyopathy UnitHippokrateion University HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Dimitrios NteliosThird Cardiology Department, Medical School, Cardiomyopathy UnitHippokrateion University HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Evangelia KouidiSports Medicine Laboratory, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Vasileios P VassilikosThird Cardiology Department, Medical School, Cardiomyopathy UnitHippokrateion University HospitalAristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Athlete's heart comprises various structural and functional adaptations, imposed by systematic training and intended to serve the increased needs of the body during exercise. In most cases, athletic cardiac remodeling presents mild characteristics that are easily distinguishable from pathologic entities. However, common inherited cardiomyopathies such as hypertrophic, dilated, or arrhythmogenic may also affect athletes or athletic individuals, while athlete's heart in a more pronounced form (frequently called "gray" zone) should be distinguished from early stages of the above-mentioned cardiomyopathies. Based on these assumptions, cardiovascular imaging remains the key process that should be applied to accurately differentiate between normal and abnormal phenotypes, facilitating thus pre-participation screening along with early detection and handling of underlying cardiomyopathies. Recent advances in both echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance offer new diagnostic potentials, making, however, "method" and "time" selection rather complicated. The aim of this review is to provide a short and comprehensive guide for differentiating athlete's heart in the gray zone from cardiomyopathies, encompassing all contemporary tools of imaging modalities into easily applicable and hierarchically appropriate algorithms.

Indexed as

AthletesCardiomegaly, Exercise-InducedCardiomyopathiesDiagnosis, DifferentialEchocardiographyHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingMagnetic Resonance Imaging, CineAdvanced echocardiographyAthlete’s heartCardiomyopathiesCardiovascular magnetic resonanceDiagnostic algorithm

Identifiers

PMID40576890
PMCPMC12618444

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