ArticleEuropean journal of pediatrics2025
Serum iron status and risk of Tourette's syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study.
Article in European journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comorbidity burden and treatment patterns in Tourette syndrome and persistent motor or vocal tic disorder.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Emerging Therapeutic Approaches for Tic Alleviation in Tourette Syndrome: The Role of Micronutrients.Neurology international · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Tourette's syndrome (TS) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with tics, emerging in childhood or adolescence and linked to neurotransmitter system abnormalities. Given iron's key role in neurotransmitter synthesis and transport, a close link between serum iron status and TS is hypothesized. But current studies, partly due to their inherent limitations, offer inconclusive evidence. A Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted. The analysis utilized summary statistics from two genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for TS (primary study: N = 456,348; and replication study: N = 21,081) and four GWASs related to serum iron status. The inverse variance-weighted MR method was used to evaluate the relationship between serum iron status and risk of TS using both the primary dataset and the replication dataset. Additionally, four other MR methods, which are more robust to pleiotropy and outliers, were used for sensitivity analyses. The analysis revealed no significant association between serum iron status and risk of TS (all Ps > 0.05). Repeated analysis with an independent TS sample yielded consistent results.
conclusionThis MR study failed to uncover substantial evidence supporting a causal relationship between serum iron status in risk of TS due to its weak proxies to reflect brain iron levels. Therefore, additional validation from clinical and experimental investigations is warranted. WHAT IS KNOWN: • A close link between serum iron status and Tourette's syndrome (TS) is hypothesized, because of iron's key role in neurotransmitter synthesis and transport. But current studies, partly due to their inherent limitations, offer inconclusive evidence. WHAT IS NEW: • No substantial evidence supporting a causal relationship between serum iron status and risk of TS has been observed, even estimated by the Mendelian randomization design which can effectively control interfering factors such as the environment, heterogeneity, and reverse associations.
Indexed as
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Registered trials
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