Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40576683›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society2025

Bone wax spacers increase induced membrane thickness and promote osteogenesis more than polymethylmethacrylate spacers in the masquelet technique.

Takushi Nakatani, Hajime Mishima, Sho Totsuka, Ryunosuke Watanabe, Norihito Arai, Yohei Tomaru, Hisashi Sugaya, Tomofumi Nishino, Masashi Yamazaki

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Takushi NakataniDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9214-5024
Hajime MishimaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. hmishima@md.tsukuba.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6582-4508
Sho TotsukaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0005-9395-3226
Ryunosuke WatanabeDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6675-5244
Norihito AraiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1865-4948
Yohei TomaruDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5693-3366
Hisashi SugayaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-7726
Tomofumi NishinoDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-4900
Masashi YamazakiDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9293-3531

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe Masquelet technique is a recent novel treatment for severe bone defects. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been used as a spacer for bone defects, but the optimal spacer is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to histologically evaluate the membranes induced by bone wax and PMMA spacers and compare them with respect to bone formation.

methodsIn this study, bone defects were created in the femurs of Sprague-Dawley rats, and bone wax and PMMA spacers were implanted into the defects to histologically evaluate the induced membrane and bone formation after bone grafting.

resultsAs a result, the induced membrane formed by bone wax spacers was significantly thicker than that formed by PMMA spacers, and the vascular area ratio was significantly higher. In addition, bone wax spacers promoted bone formation more than PMMA spacers.

conclusionBone wax spacers promoted induced membrane formation and bone formation by enhancing inflammatory responses more than PMMA spacers.

Indexed as

Bone CementsBone TransplantationFemurOsteogenesisPalmitatesPolymethyl MethacrylateWaxesAnimalsMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyBone Cementsbone waxPalmitatesPolymethyl MethacrylateWaxesBone defectBone waxForeign body reactionInduced membraneMasquelet techniqueRat

Identifiers

PMID40576683
PMCPMC12204891

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.