Observational studyJournal of the American Heart Association2025
Proton Pump Inhibitor Use and Incident Hypertension in Menopausal Women.
Observational study in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Esomeprazole Decreases Soluble Fms-like Tyrosine Kinase-1 in Preeclamptic Pregnancy in Rats.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Interplay between dietary nitrate metabolism and proton pump inhibitors: impact on nitric oxide pathways and health outcomes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) could affect blood pressure regulation by suppressing gastric acid required for the conversion of oral nitrite into nitric oxide. Whether PPI use is associated with incident hypertension remains unknown.
methodsWe included 64 720 menopausal women who were free from cardiovascular disease and hypertension at enrollment in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study (1993-1998). Baseline PPI use and duration were determined using medication inventories. The outcome was physician diagnosed/treated incident hypertension, assessed by self-report on annual questionnaires. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models for incident hypertension according to baseline PPI use (no/yes) and duration (<1 year, 1-3 years, >3 years). The association between PPI use and 3-year changes in measured blood pressure was examined using linear regression.
resultsThere were 28 951 cases of incident hypertension after a mean follow-up of 8.7 years. PPI use was associated with 17% higher risk of hypertension compared with nonuse in the fully adjusted model (HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 1.08-1.27]). Longer PPI use durations were significantly associated with incrementally higher risk of hypertension (HR, 1.13, 1.17, 1.28, respectively; trend
conclusionsPPI use was associated with higher risk of diagnosed hypertension in menopausal women, and the risk showed a significant trend according to longer duration of use. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Registered trials
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