Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40576014›Full record

SynthesisNeurodegenerative disease management2026

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) on cognitive dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Mohammad Hossein Salemi, Mohammad Hossein Harirchian

Erratum issuedAbstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Neurodegenerative disease management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Mohammad Hossein SalemiDepartment of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad Hossein HarirchianIranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID 0000-0002-1158-8677

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimThis systematic review study aimed to evaluate the impact of TES on cognitive dysfunction in MS patients, aiming to consolidate current knowledge and explore its clinical applicability.

methodsA PRISMA-compliant search of MEDLINE, Scopus, and EMBASE identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies assessing TES's impact on cognitive outcomes in MS. Data from nine studies were pooled using random-effects models, with subgroup analyses by stimulation type.

resultsMeta-analysis revealed a small-to-moderate pooled effect of TES on cognitive function (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.36-0.88,

conclusionTES shows promise as an effective and safe intervention for cognitive dysfunction in MS patients. While improvements were observed in various cognitive domains, outcome variability underscores the need for further research to refine stimulation protocols.

Indexed as

Cognitive DysfunctionMultiple SclerosisTranscranial Direct Current StimulationHumansRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicCognitive dysfunctionmultiple sclerosistACStDCStranscranial electrical stimulation

Identifiers

PMID40576014
PMCPMC12826755

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.