ArticleWorld journal of virology2025
Chronic diarrhoea in a human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patient: A case report.
Article in World journal of virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundChronic diarrhoea in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome presents a diagnostic challenge, often resulting from opportunistic infections (OIs), malignancies, or disease progression itself. We present a case of an advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient with chronic diarrhoea, significant weight loss, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) non-compliance, highlighting the diagnostic dilemma between HIV wasting syndrome, OIs, and malignancy. CASE SUMMARY: A 36-year-old female, diagnosed with HIV five years ago on family screening, presented with three months of profuse watery diarrhoea, associated with crampy abdominal pain and weight loss (14 kg, 30% in 3 months). She was non-compliant with ART. There was no history of recent travel, food contamination, or tuberculosis contact. Fever episodes were mild and transient. Physical examination revealed pallor and bilateral pedal oedema without lymphadenopathy or organomegaly. Genital examination was unremarkable. Routine investigations revealed severe anaemia and confirmed PLHIV status. CD4 count was < 36 cells/µL. Empirical treatment with nitazoxanide was initiated for possible cryptosporidiosis. After ruling out OIs, ART was restarted. With treatment, her diarrhoea resolved, and she tolerated oral intake. Nutritional support was provided, and she was discharged in stable condition with ART, prophylactic antibiotics, and follow-up instructions for further evaluation.
conclusionIn ART-noncompliant PLHIV with chronic diarrhoea, distinguishing between HIV wasting syndrome, OIs (
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