ArticleWorld journal of virology2025
Influence of substance use on rising hepatitis A hospitalizations in the United States: A decade-long comparative study.
Article in World journal of virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundHepatitis A virus (HAV) infection remains the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis globally. In the United States, recent outbreaks have been attributed primarily to person-to-person transmission, with vulnerable populations such as people who use illicit drugs, those experiencing homelessness, and men who have sex with men disproportionately affected.
aimTo assess the trends in HAV hospitalizations over the past decade and evaluate the impact of substance use on these hospitalizations.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective study using the National Inpatient Sample database from 2011 to 2020. Adults (≥ 18 years) hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of HAV infection were included. We identified active substance use as a secondary diagnosis. Statistical analysis involved descriptive statistics, trend analysis, and propensity score matching to compare HAV hospitalizations with and without substance use. Outcomes included hospitalization trends, complications, length of stay (LOS), and mortality.
resultsFrom 2011 to 2020, there were 56972 hospitalizations for HAV infections. Hospitalizations increased from 3917 in 2011 to 8290 in 2020, peaking at 9800 in 2018. Caucasian males (55%) were the most affected, with a mean age of 49 years. The prevalence of active substance use among HAV hospitalizations was 27%, with these patients being younger (mean age: 39 years) and predominantly male (63.1%). HAV hospitalizations associated with substance use increased significantly, rising from 235 cases in 2011 to 3200 in 2020 (
conclusionHAV hospitalizations in the United States have significantly increased over the past decade, with the rise driven by cases involving substance use. These patients face a higher burden of complications and healthcare utilization. Tailored public health strategies, including targeted vaccination and outreach programs for at-risk populations, are essential to reduce the morbidity, mortality, and economic burden associated with HAV.
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