ArticleBehavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology
Behavioral DiverCity: individual differences in behavior change along an urbanization gradient.
Article in Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral Ecology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Phenotypic Flexibility in the City: A Meta-Analysis on Variation.Ecology letters · 2026Pooled it
- Beyond first clutches: Second broods reshape selection on breeding timing in forest and urban great tits.The Journal of animal ecology · 2026Article
- Behavioral convergence under urbanization: An overlooked dimension of biotic homogenization.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Predation pressure on sentinel prey does not necessarily diminish with advancing urbanization.Insect science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Urbanization is occurring globally at an unprecedented rate and, despite the eco-evolutionary importance of individual variation, we still have limited insight on how phenotypic variation is modified by anthropogenic environmental change. Urbanization can increase individual differences in some contexts, but whether this is generalizable to behavioral traits, which directly affect how organisms interact with, and respond to, environmental variation, is not well known. Here we examined variation across three behavioral traits linked to stress reactivity, anti-predator response, and novelty-coping (breath rate, handling aggression, and exploration behavior) in great tits
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.