ArticleChemical & biomedical imaging2025
Tumor Spheroid Uptake of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds Is Limited by Mass Density: A 4D Light-Sheet Assay.
Article in Chemical & biomedical imaging, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Utility of Multicellular Spheroids for Investigating Mechanisms of Chemoresistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) with nitrogen-vacancy centers are promising candidates for long-term biolabeling and biosensing applications due to their biocompatibility and unique optomagnetic properties. The employment of nanomaterials in cancer therapy and diagnostics requires a deep understanding of how nanoparticles (NPs) interact with the three-dimensional (3D) tumor environment. We developed the "Tumor-in-a-Tube" platform, using 4D light-sheet microscopy to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of FNDs with 3D tumor spheroids. By monitoring the real-time NP sedimentation, spheroid penetration, and cellular uptake of FNDs and polystyrene nanoparticles (PNPs), we marked the impact of the NP mass density on their spheroid interaction. Unlike PNPs, higher-density FNDs underwent rapid sedimentation, which minimized their effective concentration and hindered the FND-spheroid interactions. This results in constrained intratumoral accumulation and size-independent uptake and penetration. Longer FND effective-exposure time promotes size-dependent cell uptake, verified by FND treatment on 2D monolayers. Nonetheless, FNDs exhibited good biocompatibility and long-term spheroid labeling, allowing for cell isolation from different spheroid layers. Our results suggest the need for NP effective-exposure-time calibration in comparative NP assays, in 3D static models. Overall, our platform provides a valuable tool for bridging the gap between 2D and 3D static models in NP assessment, drug delivery, toxicology profiling, and translational research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.