Analysis of Muscle Forces and Their Impact on Femoral Bone Stresses Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM).

In this study, reliability methods were demonstrated as a promising approach in medical engineering by identifying the most significant muscle forces affecting femoral stress. First, the finite element method (FEM) in Abaqus software was used to model the effects of 10 muscle and joint forces across various regions of the femur. Then, using the response surface methodology (RSM), and examining the effect coefficients of each joint and muscle force, the hip joint reaction force with an impact coefficient of 210.97 was identified as the most effective force on bone stress. After that, the gluteus minimus and gluteus medius muscle forces were ranked second and third in terms of stress effect with coefficients of 66.6 and 34.47. This study showed that the anterior femoral muscles have a significant effect on stress compared to the posterior femoral muscles. RSM enables faster and more precise identification of joint and muscle forces influencing femoral stresses compared to conventional methods. This innovative approach not only increased the understanding of biomechanical phenomena, but also provided a more efficient tool for investigating and optimizing such processes in biomedical engineering applications.